How do we learn about the past?

Indians Before Europeans
American Indian Perspectives
Origins of the Middle World
Creation of the World (Osage)
Creation of the World (Caddo)
Creation of the Sun (Tunica)
The Daughters and the Serpent Monster (Caddo)
How Tlanuwa Deafeated Uktena (Cherokee)
Lightning Defeats the Underground Monster (Caddo)
Chaos into Order
Little Ones Explore the Middle World (Osage)
Maintaining Order in Osage Communities
How People Came to Hunt Animals (Caddo)
Origins of Corn (Natchez)
Origins of Fire (Cherokee)
Natchez Sacred Fire
Understanding the World Through Stories
Academic Perspectives
Ice Age Migrations
Paleoindians
The Dalton Culture
Archaic Period Cultures
Woodland Period Cultures
The Mississippi Period

First Encounters

Historic Arkansas Indians
The Quapaw Indians
The Caddo Indians
Tunica and Koroa Indians
The Osage Indians
The Chickasaws
The Natchez Indians

Indians After Europeans
Indians and Colonists
Indians in the Old South
Indians in the New South
Indians Today

Writing Prompts

Learning Exercises
Indians and Animals
The Three-Layer Universe
Trade Goods
What is a Map?
Frontier Exchange Economy
Creation Stories
Children of the Middle Waters (Osage)
Origin of the Middle World (Yuchi)
The First People (Caddo)
Origin of the Supreme Being (Caddo)
Origin of Animals (Caddo)
Origin of Corn (Natchez)
Origin of Beans (Tunica)
Origin of Fire (Cherokee)
The Calumet Ceremony in the Mississippi Valley
Marquette Account
Gravier Account
Du Poisson Account
First Encounters: Cultural Perspectives
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXII
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXIII
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXVI
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXIX
Gentleman of Elvas: Chapter XXXII and XXXIII
Ritual Analysis
Caddo Harvest Ritual
Natchez Harvest Ceremony
Smoking Ceremony from the Songs of the Wa-Xo'-Be (Osage)
Transcending Themes

Project Background and History


End of Left Side of Page

Creation of the Sun (Tunica)

Sunrise over pond.
The Sun is a female
deity among the Tunicas.

The Tunicas say that once a very beautiful girl married Kingfisher (a bird). When she asked him for food, he brought her some minnows. This shamed the girl, who told Kingfisher that he could remain on the water eating minnows if he wished. She herself would go up to the sky. So she sang and danced, and began to radiate light all about her as she rose. She became the Sun and now illuminates the whole world.

Notice that the Sun is a female character in the Tunica story. Most other Southeastern Indians identify the Sun as a male figure. Gender roles--the identities and responsibilities assigned to males and females--are reversed in some other areas of Tunica culture. For example, men, not women, are in charge of Tunica agricultural activities. Gender roles identified in Southeastern Indian creation stories often correspond to gender distinctions operating in the daily life of the human community.

Creation of the World (Caddo) The Daughters and the Serpent Monster (Caddo)

 

 

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Last Updated: February 27, 2007 at 2:44:16 PM Central Time